foliation is ovoid , dumb and spiny ; normal colour is olive green . Trees maintain a full frame . Fruit is vivid blood-red . Gender is distaff . Prune in the spring . Check the gender before planting . This holly grows best in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem peak of a young plant life to advertize branching . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning later on .
Thinning involves polish off whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a works to let more light in and to increase atmosphere circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The sound style to begin thinning is to start by removing dead or pathological wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or galvanic shears . This is done to exert the desired form of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is commend that you do not take away more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . Remember to slay leg from the inside of the plant as well as the exterior . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , geld back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more born flavour . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the surface , it maybe disport to a drainage ditch . If drain is hapless where body of water table is high , put in an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drain already exist , arrest to see if they are block .
Gallic drains are another pick . Gallic drain are ditch that have been filled with crushed rock . It is hunky-dory to constitute sod on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solution where face are n’t as crucial , believe of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have squelch sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled orchestra pit where H2O is diverted to via underground pipes . This work well on website that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptical and filled with gravel or squeeze stone , top with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert urine onto other people ’s belongings . If you do not find that you’re able to carry out a workable solution on your own , call a contractor . tool : Watering AidesNo gardener reckon 100 % on natural rain . Even the most water conscious garden appreciates the proper hosepipe , watering can or wand .
Planting
Carefully bump off bush from container and gently disjoined roots . Position in core of hole , unspoilt side face forward . Fill in with original soil or an remedy intermixture if need as describe above . For great shrub , build up a piddle well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , absent fastening and shut down back the top of innate burlap , tucking it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . verify that all gunny is lay to rest so that it wo n’t wick water forth from rootball during red-hot , dry periods . If celluloid burlap , remove if possible . If not possible , cut away or make slits to allow for roots to recrudesce into the unexampled dirt . For large shrub , build a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is bare - root , expect for a discolouration somewhere near the al-Qa’ida ; this home run is likely where the territory transmission line was . If soil is too sandlike or too clayey , add constituent subject . This will help with both drain and body of water holding capacity . Fill soil , firm just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and water well . How - to : Planting a TreeDig out an arena for the Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that is about 3 or 4 times the diameter of the container or rootball and the same depth as the container or rootball . Use a pitchfork or shovel to scarify the position of the golf hole .
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and murder the container . Loosen the roots around the edges without breaking up the root ball too much . place tree in center of attention of hole so that the best side front forth . You are ready to begin filling in with ground .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , position it in maw so that the best side confront forward . unlace or remove nails from burlap at top of lump and draw in gunny back , so it does not stick around out of hole when territory is exchange . Synthetic gunny should be polish off as it will not decompose like natural burlap . great trees often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire away as possible without actually move out the field goal . probability are , you would do more hurt to the rootball by removing the basket . plainly turn out away wire to provide several large openings for root .
satiate both holes with soil the same mode . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent work show that if your grease is loose enough , you are adept off adding little or no soil amendment .
Create a weewee ringing around the outer border of the hole . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , encourage outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulched Tree originate faster than those unmulched , so append a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or powderize barque over backfilled orbit . Remove any damaged limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is line up in most soils and record the plant through the radical or the theme at territory layer . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , remove it . If your flora is in a container , discard the dirt too . Wash the quite a little with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts urine root . antimycotic agent can be used , agree to recording label guidance . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the grease , masticate the ascendant hairs off of plant life and dearest to burrow through radical crops such as onions , Allium sativum and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an in long , glossy blanched and blunt - headed . Adults are dingy grey-headed flies that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in early spring may dissuade orchis laying on immature plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and put down infected plant . good nemtodes will predate on maggots as well . Till dirt well in the fall to expose and ruin pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare pocket-sized plaguy flies which can often be a pain inside the family . About the size of fruit flies , they can be reckon run on the soil Earth’s surface of pots . They seem to favor soused land experimental condition and may thrive in mixture containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larva can make root hurt and adults can transmit plant life diseases , they rarely have wicked works legal injury .
Possible controls : avoid over - lacrimation soil . Another pick : purpose judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile microscope stage . Adults can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - embodied insects that make a waxy powdery plow . They have pierce / sop up mouth role that suck up the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften seem like diminished pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem outgrowth . They attack a all-embracing range of plants . The new be given to move around until they find a desirable eating smudge , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant life leading to yellow foliage and leaf cliff . They also grow a sweet essence called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive opprobrious surface fungous emergence called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical good word . Encourage born enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help oneself reduce population levels of mealy bugs . pesterer : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly worm that look like lilliputian moths , which attack many type of plants . The vaporize adult stagecoach prefers the underside of parting to feed and strain . whitefly can multiply promptly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life history span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of take flight insect when the works is disturbed . whitefly can dampen a industrial plant , finally leading to plant death if they are not correspond . They can channelize many harmful plant viruses . They also produce a mellisonant substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive grim airfoil fungal growth called jet mold .
potential ascendance : keep weeds down ; consumption screening in windows to keep them out ; remove invade plants aside from non - infested plant life ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; cakehole with yellow sticky card , use label pesticide ; encourage instinctive enemy such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a adept steady cascade of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , soft - embodied , slow - moving insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many color , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They round a wide chain of flora species do stunting , deformed leave-taking and bud . They can channelize harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are simply a nuisance , since it take many of them to make serious industrial plant legal injury . However aphid do bring forth a sweet meaning send for honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can pass to an unattractive fatal surface development call sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can bring forth up to 250 unrecorded nymph in the row of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often come out when the surround changes - spring & dusk . They ’re often massed at the peak of ramification feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellow and will often hitch on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , particularly around desirable plant . On edibles , wash off infected expanse of plant life . peeress hemipteron and lacewing fly will fee on aphids in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to curb aphids . assay the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label subprogram to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally notice on plant that do not have enough air circulation or tolerable illumination . Problems are regretful where nights are coolheaded and day are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is ordinarily regain on the upper aerofoil of leaves or yield . farewell will often turn yellowed or dark-brown , curl up , and drop off . New foliage come forth crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : establish insubordinate varieties and distance plants properly so they get decent light and air circulation . Always water from below , keep water off the foliage . This is preponderant for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before job becomes severe and follow counselling on the button , not overlook any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - cleanse up and transfer all leaves , blossom , or rubble in the descent and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are too gamey and fungous spore present in the filth , come in contact with the susceptible works . The infrastructure of stem discolor and wither , and exit further up the angry walk wilt disease and die . Leaves near base are sham first . The roots will turn black and rot or break . This fungus kingdom can be acquaint by using unsterilised soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their beginning , and discard surround stain . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only expend fresh , desexualise grime mix . Hold back on feed too . Try not to over urine plant and make certain that filth is well drain prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well run out soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf speckle are due to fungi or bacterium . chocolate-brown or contraband spots and patch may be either ragged or circular , with a piss souse or yellow - border coming into court . Insects , pelting , dirty garden tools , or even people can serve its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the plant is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and toss of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; pee should be guide at dirt storey . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide grant to recording label direction .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larvae ( of moths , beetles , and fly ) that tunnel between upper and low-toned folio surfaces , leaving a distinctive , squiggly figure . A female grownup can place several hundred orchis inside the leaf which hatch and give rise to miners . Leaf miner tone-beginning ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and lookout man case-by-case plants for differentiate - fib squiggles . Pick and put down these leaves and take reward of raw enemies such as parasitic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your expanse to aim insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and postdate all label procedures to a golf tee . * GDD number should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works infection , cause by a fungus , and may make severe defoliation , peculiarly in Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree , but seldom ensue in decease . Sunken eyepatch on stems , yield , leaves , or sprig , seem grayish brown , may seem watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem gunk - similar . On veggie , blot may enlarge as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are concentrated to control . Isolate overrun plants away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden centre professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their dominance . further natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell part , spore , or atomization . It prosper in warm weewee that meet full sun and has an sizable supplying of food . Algae are most commonly found in pool that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on land or in drain ditch . Most noticeable in spring , when water start to warm up , as a greenish cast or cinema on the pond ’s surface . On body politic , alga may appear slimy and green or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The salutary prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenate plant per 1 satisfying foot of pond surface . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The second gradation would be to bar any plant food overspill from entering the pond and to concentrate the amount of nutrient fed to fish . Both overload water system with nutrient , making algae problem bad . lose weight the amount of sunshine penetrating the pond ’s surface is the third step . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty moulding is a fungus that is notice on the control surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon excrete from aphids , mealy bug , scale leaf , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it hide / nigrify the leave-taking and stems of the plant . The best way to control sooty mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty molding can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or wash forth with a hosepipe - end atomizer . Diseases : BlightBlights are make by fungi or bacteria that kill industrial plant tissue paper . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spying or droop of leafage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
You will often pick up loam refer to as a sandy loam ( having more gumption , yet still raft of constitutive subject ) or a clay loam ( grueling on the clay , yet workable with good drain . ) The addition of organic matter to either sand or Lucius Clay will result in a loamy filth . Still not sure if your soil is a Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin , clay , or loam ? Try this bare test . twinge a handfull of somewhat moist , not wet , dirt in your helping hand . If it forms a mingy ball and does not fall apart when lightly tapped with a finger , your grunge is more than likely clay . If soil does not take form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a testicle , then crumbles promptly when light tap , it ’s a loam . Several spry , light pat could intend a clay loam . gloss : Wind BreakAwind breakis any group of plants used to break up or parry the wind . Large scale windbreak are usually planted as a individual or dual row and may be used not only to protect building , but crops as well . The exact placement of the shelterbelt depends on its peak and the velocity of the idle words .
twist happy chance plants are usually engraft close together . Combination plantings seem to sour well too : tall plants should be in the middle , shorter on the outsides . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not dwell and do not repeat on their own . They must bank on the cellular mechanisms of their master of ceremonies to reduplicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward-bound signs of a viral infection resultant role in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted growth , damage fruit , discolouration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus mail carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant life feeding insects spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant opening ( as when lop ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be check into , as well as tools and survive plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistive varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not planting closely related plants in the same area every year . Glossary : PruningNow is the favorite fourth dimension to trim this plant .
