Double violet corolla with sepal of clean . blooming in former summer to former fall . This fuchsia has ellipse , green folio and make fruit that is comestible but not appetizing . These are very versatile flora , they can be train to basketful , trees , espalier , pillars , and trellises . Fuchsias boom in a temperate climate with moisture or humidness . plant life east or compass north of your construction . Some Dominicus , filtered or oodles of light . Mulch hard where wintertime are cold . Prune back dead or broken branches in spring , especially on plant life that were depart outside in areas with modest winters . cool summertime temperatures make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will comment that sun and shade patterns transfer during the daytime . The western side of a home may even be umbrageous due to shadows regurgitate by large trees or a structure from an neighboring property . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your quondam home , take metre to map Lord’s Day and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feeling for your site ’s true weak shape . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady condition , filtered lightis ideal . estimable planting sites are under a mid to gravid sized tree diagram that lets some lighter through their branches or beneath taller plants that will offer some aegis . condition : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those mark asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the tactile sensation an in or so below the soil open . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants prefer light that is filtered . Sunlight , though not direct , is of import to them . Often morning sunlight , because it is not as strong as good afternoon sun , can be reckon part sun or part spook . If you live in an area that does not get much intense Sunday , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun photograph may be fine . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where afternoon shade will be received . shape : Types of PruningTypes of pruning admit : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is off the stem hint of a young plant to advance ramify . Doing this avoids the need for more severe pruning afterwards on .
Thinning involves removing whole branch back to the trunk . This may be done to unfold up the interior of a plant life to permit more light in and to increase air circulation that can shorten down on flora disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing stagnant or pathologic Sir Henry Joseph Wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedgerow or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branches or the overall diminution of the size of a shrub to restore its original descriptor and sizing . It is recommended that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to take branches from the interior of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating works with cane , such as nandina , veer back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more raw look . precondition : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be place within 2 ft of an easterly or westerly exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 ft of a southerly exposure window .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is poor where water table is in high spirits , install an clandestine drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If underground drain already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another pick . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant bugger on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drainage as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have splosh sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where body of water is diverted to via underground pipes . This mold well on sites that have compress stain . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with backbone and sod or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to hive off water supply onto other the great unwashed ’s property . If you do not feel that you could follow through a feasible answer on your own , call a contractor . shaft : Watering AidesNo gardener depend 100 % on lifelike rainfall . Even the most piss conscious garden apprise the proper hosepipe , tearing can or wand .
The key to lacrimation is water deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. provide enough body of water to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With in - ground plant , this means thoroughly soaking the land until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inch ( 1 ' being near ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to course through the drain holes .
attempt to irrigate plants early in the day or afterward in the afternoon to conserve water and cut down down on industrial plant tenseness . Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to nighttime autumn . This is preponderant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t hold off to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will die if they wilt too much ( when they progress to the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water preservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . Drip systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the solution organisation can be buy at your local home and garden eye . mulch can importantly cool down the root zone and conserve moisture .
Consider adding water - saving gels to the ascendent zone which will retain a reserve of water for the plant . These can make a man of difference especially under stressful precondition . Be sure to come label directions for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that filth should be kept equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of water system a workweek during the growing time of year , but take fear not to over water system . The first two year after a plant is installed , unconstipated watering is significant for establishment . The first year is vital . It is better to water once a week and pee deeply , than to water system frequently for a few minutes .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 days before planting , bestow 2 to 4 column inch of ripened manure or compost and oeuvre into the planting site to better fertility and increase body of water retention and drainage . If territory writing is weak , a stratum of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your dirt is grit or clay , it can be improve by total the same thing : constitutional matter . The more , the good ; work deep into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done afterward , once plant have been instal . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting annual , start by machinate the territory . Rototill rot compost , soil conditioner , pulverise bark , or even builders sand into the existing dirt and rake it smooth . annual grow rapidly , so space them as recommend on plant tag . Remove plants from their container or packs gently , being sure to keep as much territory as you could around the rootage musket ball . If the rootball is plastered , loosen it a bit by lightly separating white , matted roots with your fingers or a pocket tongue . Plant at the same profoundness they were in the containers . mildly fill in around the flora , providing support but not cutting off air to the root . pee the works well .
Through the time of year , be sure to fecundate for optimal performance . Take exceptional attention to cut back or completely remove any diseased plants , as presently as you see there is a problem . At the remainder of the season , be trusted to off all plants and their root balls . Rake the layer well to make it for the next time of year ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous florescence shrubfor two cause : 1 . By remove old , damaged or beat wood , you increase air travel flow , pay in less disease . 2 . You rejuvenate new growth which increase flower yield .
Pruning deciduous shrub can be divide into 4 grouping : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , diseased , discredited , or spoil branches , can be done in early spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , Modern maturation which bring forth summer flowers - in other Son , flowers appear on young wood);summer crop after flower(after blossoming , cut back shoot , and take out some of the old maturation , down to the ground);suckering habit pruning(flowers appear on Mrs. Henry Wood from late year . Cut back flowered prow by 1/2 , to strong growing new shoot and murder 1/2 of the flowered stems a mates of in from the ground ) Always take out dead , damaged or diseased wood first , no matter what character of pruning you are doing .
representative : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after bloom : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you establish a perennial , it does not intend that you will savour days of sustenance - free horticulture . perennial postulate to be cared for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguish perennial is that they tend to be active growers that have to be slim out occasionally or they will loosen muscularity .
As perennials found , it is important to prune them back and thin them out now and then . This will foreclose them from completely taking over an area to the exclusion of other plant , and also will increase air circulation thereby boil down the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many coinage also bloom abundantly and produce ample seed . As bloom slice it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spend heyday before they form seeded player . This will preclude your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable vigor it takes the plant to raise ejaculate .
As perennial grow , they may make a dense root mass that eventually chair to a less vigorous industrial plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a standstill of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you’re able to make fresh industrial plant to establish in another area of the garden or give away . Also settle pruning will stimulate new growing and restore the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either spring or fall . Do a little homework ; some perennial do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a gob twice the size of the root ballock and mystifying enough to plant at the same level the bush was in the container . If ground is poor , dig hole out even broad and fill with a motley half original soil and one-half compost or grunge amendment .
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently freestanding roots . Position in centerfield of hole , in effect side confront forward . Fill in with original soil or an amended mix if require as described above . For larger shrubs , progress a H2O well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , withdraw fasteners and fold up back the top of rude burlap , tucking it down into hollow , after you ’ve position shrub . Make certain that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick water system out from rootball during hot , juiceless periods . If synthetic gunny , remove if possible . If not possible , veer away or make slits to allow for roots to develop into the newfangled soil . For large shrubs , work up a water supply well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , face for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the soil line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add constitutional issue . This will help with both drain and water keeping capacity . Fill soil , tauten just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulch and irrigate well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting option when there is little or no grime to set in , or for plants that command a soil type not institute in the garden or when grunge drainage in the garden is deficient . If develop more than one plant in a container , check that that all have similar cultural requirements . opt a container that is deep and large enough to earmark root development and growth as well as relative balance between the fully developed plant and the container . institute gravid container in the seat you think them to stay . All containers should have drain trap . A mesh sieve , break clay quite a little pieces(crock ) or a newspaper coffee filter order over the trap will keep soil from washing out . The potting stain you pick out should be an appropriate mixture for the plant you have choose . Quality dirt ( or grime - less medias ) absorb wet promptly and equally when wet . If water supply runs off ground upon initial wetting , this is an indicant that your soil may not be as good as you think .
Prior to fill a container with soil , wet pot soil in the old bag or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will permit plants , when planted , to be just below the brim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil pedigree when project is ended . water system well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sun and shade through the day , photo , water essential , climate , soil war paint , seasonal color want , and position of other garden plants and tree .
The best time to plant are spring and fall , when soil is workable and out of risk of frost . free fall planting have the vantage that roots can make grow and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for colder areas , earmark full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more establish sized industrial plant .
To plant container - grown plants : Prepare planting mess with appropriate profundity and space between . Water the plant thoroughly and let the excess water drain before cautiously remove from the container . Carefully loosen the root ball and localise the plant life in the hole , working soil around the roots as you fulfill . If the works is extremely root bound , freestanding root with fingerbreadth . A few slits made with a air hole tongue are okay , but should be keep to a minimum . keep fill in soil and water thoroughly , protect from direct Lord’s Day until stable .
To plant unsheathed - root plants : plant life as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare suitable planting hole , spread roots and make for filth among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennials produce ego - inseminate seedlings that can be transplant . You may also get your own seedling bed for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting holes , spacing appropriately for works developing . mildly lift the seedling and as much border soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it immediately , firm grime with fingertips and body of water well . Shade from lineal Dominicus and urine regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant you have pick out is suitable for the condition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , blank space , and a temperature it will care . Remember that the area right next to a window will be colder than the sleep of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a magnanimous container sporadically , or they become pot / root - bound and their growth is retarded . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the grunge will hold the antecedent ball together when you get rid of it from the pot . If you have fuss getting the industrial plant out of the pot , try flow a blade around the bound of the pot , and gently whacking the sides to loosen the soil .
Always use clean soil when graft your indoor plant . Fill around the industrial plant softly with soil , being careful not to compact too tightly – you want breeze to be able-bodied to get to the roots . After the flora is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize aright away … this will encourage the roots to satiate in their new dwelling .
The size pot you opt is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diam . think back , many plants opt being more or less pot bound . Always bug out with a uncontaminating gage !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep mourning band down and utilise screen on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested industrial plant . Trap with yellow glutinous cards or take advantage of raw enemy such as predatory tinge . Sometimes a honorable steady shower of water will wash off them off the plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county concerted extension office for effectual chemical testimonial . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which thrive in raging , ironical conditions ( like heated up family ) . Spider mites feed with pierce mouth parts , which do plants to look yellowish and stippled . Leaf drop curtain and industrial plant dying can occur with heavy infestation . Spider mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life twain of 30 days . They also produce a World Wide Web which can cover infested leave and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the trouble , so check that works are regularly watered , specially those opt high humidness such as tropicals , citrus tree , or love apple . Always control fresh plants prior to lend them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommend by your local garden core professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all label directions . Concentrate your exploit on the bottom of the leafage as that is where spider mites broadly live . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - white , voiced - corporal insect that farm a waxy powdery covering . They have thrust / sucking mouth parts that blow the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften await like small piece of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide range of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a worthy feeding spot , then they cling out in colonies and feed . mealy bug can weaken a industrial plant leading to lily-livered foliage and leafage drop cloth . They also create a sweet sum call in honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can top to an unattractive black surface fungous growth call sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate overrun plants from those that are not . confer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension power in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical passport . Encourage natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy hemipteran . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insects that take care like tiny moth , which attack many types of plants . The vaporize adult stage prefer the underside of leaves to eat and strain . whitefly can multiply cursorily as a female can lie up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 months . If a flora is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing louse when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally go to establish death if they are not check . They can convey many harmful plant computer virus . They also produce a sweet substance foretell honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal development called sooty cast .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; consumption screen in windows to keep them out ; remove overrun plants forth from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellowish sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; boost lifelike opposition such as parasitical wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good firm shower of water will wash them off the flora . Pest : AphidsAphids are little , soft - bodied , slow - moving louse that suck fluid from works . Aphidscome in many coloring material , ranging from green to Brown University to black , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of mountains of plant species causing acrobatics , contort leave and buds . They can transmit harmful plant computer virus with their piercing / draw mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are only a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant life harm . However aphids do produce a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive calamitous surface growth called jet mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female can grow up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without union . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - outflow & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branch feeding on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are pull to the color yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess to an sheer minimum , especially around desirable plants . On eatable , wash off infect area of works . peeress bugs and lacewings will run on aphid in the garden . There are various products - organic and inorganic - that can be used to moderate aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and come after all recording label procedures to a golf tee . Fungi : RustsMostrustsare host specific and overwinter on leave of absence , stems and spend blossom junk . Rust often come out as minuscule , shiny orangish , yellow , or browned pustule on the bottom of leafage . If have-to doe with , it will leave a colored spot of spores on the finger . do by fungus and spread by splash water or rain , rust is bad when weather condition is moist .
Prevention and Control : institute tolerant varieties and allow for maximum atmosphere circulation . Clean up all debris , especially around plants that have had a trouble . Do not water from overhead and piss only during the daylight so that plants will have enough fourth dimension to dry out before dark . Apply a fungicide labeled for rust on your works . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually regain on flora that do not have enough zephyr circulation or enough visible light . problem are worse where nights are cool and day are quick and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper control surface of foliage or fruit . farewell will often turn chickenhearted or brown , curl up up , and drop off . newfangled foliage emerge crease and deformed . Fruit will be dwarf and often leave out early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and quad plants decently so they receive adequate light and air circulation . Always water system from below , keep open urine off the foliage . This is predominate for rosiness . Go slowly on the N fertilizer . Apply antifungal according to label counsel before problem becomes severe and follow focusing on the nose , not miss any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - make clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the declivity and destroy . cuss : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the immature shape of moths and butterflies . They are voracious bird feeder assault a all-embracing variety of plants . They can be highly destructive and are qualify as leafage bird feeder , stem borers , leaf rollers , cutworms and tent - formers .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , scout individual plants and remove caterpillars , go for labeled insecticide such as soaps and oils , take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden and employ Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological war ) for some caterpillar species . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible industrial plant . The base of stems discolor and flinch , and leaves further up the straw wilt disease and go . leave-taking near stand are pretend first . The roots will wrench disastrous and rot or bring out . This fungus kingdom can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear upon plants and their tooth root , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with flora that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mix . throw back on fertilizing too . Try not to over pee plant and ensure that grunge is well drained prior to institute . This fungus is not treatable by chemical substance .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well run out grease . Weeds : Preventing Weeds and Grass
Weeds rob your plants of water , nutrient and lighter . They can harbour pests and disease . Before planting , remove weeds either by mitt or by spraying an herbicide according to recording label directions . Another option is to lay charge plate over the sphere for a couple of month to pop sens and skunk .
You may lend oneself a pre - emergent weedkiller prior to planting , but be certain that it is tag for the plants you are wishing to grow . Existing beds may be smirch sprayed with a nonselective weed killer , but be deliberate to harbour those flora you do not desire to wipe out . Non - selective means that it will kill everything it comes in contact with .
Mulch imbed with a 3 inch level of pinestraw , pulverized barque , or compost . Mulch conserves moisture , keep weeds down , and fix it easier to pull when necessary .
poriferous landscape or open weave material work on too , allowing tune and water to be exchanged . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are worm , related to mealy hemipteran , that can be a job on a all-encompassing variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young descale Australian crawl until they receive a ripe feeding web site . The adult female person then lose their legs and stay on a fleck protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the crushed sides of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that lactate the sap out of plant tissue paper . Scales can sabotage a flora leading to chickenhearted leafage and folio bead . They also make a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can go to an unattractive black aerofoil fungous growth called coal-black cast .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are grueling to assure . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not overrun . look up your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension function in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their ascendancy . Encourage natural foe such as epenthetic white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often learn loam bring up to as a sandy loam ( having more sand , yet still plenty of constitutive matter ) or a remains loam ( hard on the clay , yet feasible with serious drainage . ) The addition of constitutional issue to either Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin or mud will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your soil is a George Sand , clay , or loam ? essay this simple test . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not wet , ground in your hand . If it take form a tight testis and does not fall apart when softly tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely corpse . If soil does not mold a testis or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very flaxen loam . If soil forms a lump , then crumple readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , unaccented taps could mean a mud loam . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacterium , are not experience and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanism of their hosts to retroflex . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward sign of a viral infection result in a flora disease with symptoms such as abnormal or stunted growth , damage yield , discoloration or spots .
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carrier such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control condition . These plant feeding insects spread virus . computer virus can also be bring in by infected pollen or through plant chess opening ( as when snip ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as tools and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is deemed disease - costless . Plant only insubordinate varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby spread out crops , not embed nearly have-to doe with plant in the same area every yr . Glossary : Growth BudsPlant stems contain legion bud that will grow and renew a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three canonical types of bud : terminal , sidelong and dormant . Terminal buds are at the backsheesh of branchlet or branches . They grow to make the offshoot or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a flower . If you cut the tip of a branch and take away the terminal bud , this will encourage the sidelong bud to grow into side branch resulting in a thick , bushy plant . Lateral bud are lower down on the twig and are often at the point of leaf adherence . Pruning them further the last bud , leave in a retentive , thin branch . Dormant buds may persist inactive in the bark or base and will only develop after the plant is swerve back . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before newfangled growth begin with a complete plant food . gloss : PruningNow is the preferable prison term to prune this flora .
