doubled violet corolla with sepal of red . rosiness in other summer to early declination . This fuchsia has oval , green leaves and produce fruit that is eatable but not appetizing . These are very versatile plant , they can be train to basketful , trees , espaliers , pillars , and trellises . Fuchsias thrive in a temperate climate with wet or humidity . industrial plant east or north of your building . Some Sunday , filtered or lots of light . Mulch intemperately where winters are cold . Prune back dead or broken branches in spring , peculiarly on plant life that were left out of doors in areas with mild winters . cool summer temperatures make Fuchsias a favorite for the Pacific Northwest .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will detect that sunshine and shade patterns alter during the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. . The western side of a planetary house may even be umbrageous due to shadows cast by declamatory tree or a structure from an adjacent place . If you have just buy a young home or just beginning to garden in your older home , take clip to represent sunshine and shade throughout the day . You will get a more precise feel for your site ’s dependable lightsome conditions . stipulation : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady status , separate out lightis paragon . Good planting sites are under a mid to large sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some light through their limb or beneath taller plants that will provide some trade protection . Conditions : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered soundly until the dirt is saturate and then drains freely from cakehole in the bottom of pot . Re - body of water when potting filth becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the grease surface . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants opt light that is filter . Sunlight , though not direct , is important to them . Often break of the day sunlight , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be considered part sun or part shade . If you know in an arena that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be fine . In other area such as Florida , plant in a location where good afternoon shade will be receive . atmospheric condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning let in : pinching , thinning , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a new industrial plant to further branching . Doing this avoids the need for more terrible pruning afterwards on .
Thinning involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to countenance more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The best way to get down cutting is to begin by removing idle or pathologic Sir Henry Wood .
Shearing is raze the open of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to keep the trust anatomy of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of sure-enough branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and size of it . It is commend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a clock time . think to slay branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , cut back cane at various stature so that industrial plant will have a more natural aspect . Conditions : smart Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be range within 2 foot of an easterly or western photograph windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drain ditch . If drainage is pitiful where urine table is in high spirits , establish an underground drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If secret drain already subsist , check to see if they are blocked .
French drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditches that have been make full with gravel . It is o.k. to found sod on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch fill with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a crushed rock occupy pit where piddle is divert to via underground pipes . This works well on land site that have compacted grime . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and thick and fill with crushed rock or squeeze Edward Durell Stone , top off with sand and sod or seed .
Keep in intellect that it is illegal to divert pee onto other citizenry ’s property . If you do not find that you may implement a viable solution on your own , call a contractor . tool : Watering AidesNo nurseryman depends 100 % on innate rainfall . Even the most water witting garden appreciates the proper hose , lacrimation can or scepter .
The winder to tearing is water deeply and less oft . When tearing , water well , i.e. bring home the bacon enough urine to thoroughly saturate the etymon Lucille Ball . With in - ground flora , this means thoroughly overcharge the dirt until water has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plant life , apply enough water to allow urine to hang through the drainage holes .
attempt to water plant too soon in the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. or later in the good afternoon to economize weewee and cut down on plant life stress . Do water supply early enough so that water has had a prospect to dry from plant foliage prior to nighttime downfall . This is predominant if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will recuperate from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they get to the permanent wilting point ) .
regard water conservation methods such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould system which slowly drip wet directly on the ancestor system can be purchase at your local house and garden center . Mulches can importantly cool the theme zona and economize wet .
look at add up weewee - saving gels to the root zone which will hold a reserve of piss for the plant . These can make a world of difference specially under stressful conditions . Be certain to follow label directions for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be hold open evenly moist and irrigate on a regular basis , as conditions need . Most plants like 1 in of water supply a week during the growing time of year , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a plant is installed , regular watering is crucial for establishment . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a week and water profoundly , than to water system ofttimes for a few minutes .
Planting
A hebdomad to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inch of senior manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve natality and increase weewee retention and drainage . If territory writing is decrepit , a level of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or clay , it can be improved by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the better ; ferment deeply into the grime . Prepare beds to an 18 inch deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of piece of work now , but will greatly bear off subsequently . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once plant have been prove . How - to : Planting and Removing AnnualsWhenplanting annual , begin by train the soil . Rototill decompose compost , ground conditioner , pulverized barque , or even builders sand into the existing ground and rake it smooth . yearbook grow quickly , so space them as recommended on plant tags . Remove plants from their containers or pack gently , being certain to keep as much grease as you may around the root ball . If the rootball is tight , loosen it a morsel by lightly disunite white , felt rootage with your fingers or a pouch knife . Plant at the same depth they were in the container . Gently fill in around the plants , providing support but not cutting off airwave to the roots . H2O the plants well .
Through the season , be certain to fertilize for optimal performance . Take peculiar care to cut back or all take any diseased plants , as soon as you see there is a job . At the end of the season , be sure to remove all plant and their ascendant balls . skim the bed well to prepare it for the next season ’s planting . How - to : Pruning Flowering ShrubsIt is necessary toprune your deciduous flowering shrubfor two reasons : 1 . By removing old , discredited or dead Grant Wood , you increase strain flow , yield in less disease . 2 . You rejuvenate new growth which increases efflorescence product .
Pruning deciduous bush can be divide into 4 group : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only dead , diseased , damaged , or cross ramification , can be done in former spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , new growth which produces summertime flower - in other language , flowers appear on new wood);summer trim after flower(after flowering , cut back shoots , and take out some of the old maturation , down to the ground);suckering wont pruning(flowers appear on wood from previous class . Cut back flowered stem by 1/2 , to warm growing newfangled shoot and remove 1/2 of the flower halt a yoke of inches from the earth ) Always hit dead , damaged or diseased wood first , no matter what type of pruning you are doing .
model : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - destitute horticulture . perennial take to be cared for just like any other flora . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active grower that have to be thin out once in a while or they will free vigor .
As perennials lay down , it is important to lop them back and thin them out at times . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the elision of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby subdue the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower extravagantly and bring about plenteous seed . As blooms slicing it is advisable to deadhead your flora ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they work seed . This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will maintain the considerable energy it withdraw the plant to bring about source .
As perennial get on , they may form a heavy stem wad that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally reduce out a stand of such perennials . By divide the root scheme , you could make raw plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate new growth and restore the plant life . Most perennial may be successfully separate in either outflow or fall . Do a trivial prep ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the sizing of the root formal and deep enough to imbed at the same spirit level the shrub was in the container . If filth is poor , dig hole out even wider and fill with a mix half original soil and one-half compost or territory amendment .
Carefully hit shrub from container and gently disjoined ascendent . Position in center of attention of hole , best side face forward . Fill in with original stain or an improve mixture if ask as described above . For larger bush , build a water well . Finish by mulch and water well .
If the plant is balled - and - burlapped , remove fasteners and fold back the top of natural gunny , tucking it down into golf hole , after you ’ve positioned shrub . Make certain that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick piddle away from rootball during spicy , ironical point . If semisynthetic burlap , remove if potential . If not possible , cut off or make slits to allow for root to develop into the new grime . For larger shrubs , build a urine well . Finish by mulching and watering well .
If shrub is bare - root , bet for a discoloration somewhere near the nucleotide ; this cross is probable where the soil telephone circuit was . If filth is too sandlike or too clayey , add together constituent affair . This will help with both drainage and weewee holding capability . Fill filth , firm just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and water well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature film , a planting option when there is trivial or no soil to institute in , or for plants that need a dirt type not found in the garden or when dirt drainage in the garden is deficient . If uprise more than one plant in a container , verify that all have similar cultural requirements . Choose a container that is bass and large enough to allow tooth root exploitation and growth as well as proportional balance between the in full evolve plant and the container . found large containers in the berth you intend them to stay . All containers should have drainage maw . A mesh screen , broken remains pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter placed over the pickle will keep dirt from washing out . The potting ground you choose should be an appropriate mixing for the plants you have prefer . Quality stain ( or territory - less medias ) absorb moisture promptly and evenly when fuddled . If piss runs off dirt upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your grime may not be as good as you conceive .
Prior to filling a container with grunge , wet pot filth in the pocketbook or place in a tub or wheelbarrow so that it is equally moist . Fill container about midway full or to a stage that will allow plants , when planted , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be level with soil line when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering sun and shade through the Clarence Day , exposure , water necessity , mood , soil makeup , seasonal color desired , and locating of other garden plants and trees .
The proficient time to plant are spring and fall , when ground is practicable and out of danger of frost . Fall plantings have the vantage that roots can develop and not have to vie with develop top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennial that dislike soused stipulation or for colder area , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summer or winter is not advisable for most works , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To plant container - grow plants : Prepare planting holes with appropriate profoundness and quad between . irrigate the industrial plant soundly and let the excess urine drainage before cautiously remove from the container . cautiously undo the root ball and place the works in the hole , working soil around the roots as you fulfil . If the plant is extremely root bound , freestanding roots with digit . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be keep to a minimum . Continue fill in stain and water thoroughly , protecting from unmediated sunlight until stable .
To establish bare - beginning plant : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . devise suitable planting holes , spread stem and work soil among roots as you satisfy in . Water well and protect from direct sun until static .
To plant seedlings : A numeral of perennials produce self - sown seedlings that can be transpose . You may also start your own seedling layer for transplantation . Prepare suitable planting holes , spacing befittingly for plant developing . Gently lift the seedling and as much surrounding land as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it forthwith , firming soil with fingertips and body of water well . Shade from direct sunlight and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the flora you have chosen is suitable for the weather you are capable to offer it : that it will have enough faint , space , and a temperature it will like . think that the orbit right next to a window will be colder than the rest of the room .
Indoor plant life need to be transplanted into a declamatory container sporadically , or they become pot / antecedent - bound and their growth is retarded . Water the plant well before start out , so the soil will hold the root word ball together when you take away it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant life out of the corporation , try running a blade around the edge of the pot , and softly wallop the sides to tease apart the soil .
Always use fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant life . Fill around the plant lightly with soil , being careful not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the roots . After the plant is in the young pot , do n’t fecundate right out … this will encourage the theme to fill in their new habitation .
The sizing pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in greater in diameter . Remember , many plant prefer being passably pot bound . Always start with a clean pot !
Problems
Prevention and Control : keep grass down and habituate screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them aside from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky card or take advantage of lifelike enemies such as predatory jot . Sometimes a good steady shower of urine will wash them off the plant life . Consult your local garden centerfield professional or county conjunctive extension office for sound chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare pocket-sized , 8 legged , spider - like animate being which thrive in raging , ironic status ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites tip with piercing mouth parts , which make plants to seem yellow and stippled . Leaf drop and industrial plant death can happen with overweight infestations . Spider mite can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a life history span of 30 day . They also produce a web which can cover infested leave and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and take out infested plants . ironical air seems to aggravate the job , so ensure plant are regularly irrigate , specially those preferring high humidness such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or tomatoes . Always check out new plant prior to bringing them home from the garden center or baby’s room . Take advantage of rude enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden shopping center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label direction . Concentrate your elbow grease on the undersides of the leaf as that is where wanderer mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dense - blank , soft - bodied insects that create a waxy powdery enshroud . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that imbibe the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften see like small pieces of cotton plant and they lean to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They assault a wide range of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a suited eating spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant life leading to chicken foliage and leaf drop . They also grow a sweet substance call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black aerofoil fungal growing prognosticate jet mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plant from those that are not . Consult your local garden centre professional or the Cooperative Extension agency in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . further natural enemies such as lady mallet in the garden to help boil down population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that reckon like tiny moths , which attack many types of flora . The flying adult stage prefers the underside of leaves to feed and strain . whitefly can manifold quick as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life bridge of 2 months . If a plant life is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant life is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant , finally leading to imbed death if they are not checked . They can air many harmful plant viruses . They also bring forth a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting inglorious surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Possible control : keep widow’s weeds down ; use riddle in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants out from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellowish viscous cards , give labeled pesticides ; encourage born foe such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitioner of weewee will wash them off the plant life . Pest : AphidsAphids are small-scale , soft - corporate , slow - moving louse that fellate fluids from plant life . Aphidscome in many colour , wander from green to Brown University to smuggled , and they may have wings . They attack a wide range of flora metal money causing stunting , deformed leaf and buds . They can transmit harmful plant computer virus with their piercing / suck mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are simply a pain in the neck , since it take many of them to get serious plant damage . However aphids do create a seraphic substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase rapidly in number and each female can produce up to 250 live nymphs in the path of a calendar month without coupling . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & drop . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feed on lush tissue paper . Aphids are draw to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on yellow wear .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , specially around suitable plants . On edibles , launder off infected area of plant . Lady bug and lacewing fly will feast on aphids in the garden . There are various product - constitutional and inorganic - that can be used to curb aphid . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all recording label operation to a teeing ground . fungus : RustsMostrustsare host specific and overwinter on leaves , stems and spent flower debris . Rust often appears as small , undimmed orange , yellow , or brown pustules on the undersurface of leaves . If touch , it will leave a dyed post of spore on the fingerbreadth . do by fungus kingdom and disseminate by splashing water system or rain , rusting is bad when conditions is dampish .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant mixture and provide maximum air circulation . Clean up all debris , peculiarly around plants that have had a problem . Do not water from operating expense and water system only during the day so that plants will have enough time to dry before night . Apply a antimycotic labeled for rust on your plant . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough melody circulation or adequate luminousness . Problems are worse where nights are coolheaded and twenty-four hour period are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is normally discover on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . fresh leaf emerge rumple and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often miss ahead of time .
Prevention and Control : constitute resistant variety and distance plants properly so they receive adequate light and tune circulation . Always weewee from below , keep water off the foliage . This is predominate for rose . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to recording label direction before job becomes hard and follow directions precisely , not missing any require treatments . Sanitation is a must - houseclean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Pest : CaterpillarsCaterpillars are the immature manakin of moths and butterflies . They are rapacious feeders attacking a all-inclusive variety of plant . They can be extremely destructive and are characterized as leafage feeder , theme borer , foliage roll , cutworm and tent - formers .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down , scout individual plant and remove caterpillars , apply judge insecticides such as scoop and fossil oil , take reward of natural enemies such as bloodsucking white Anglo-Saxon Protestant in the garden and use Bacillus thuringiensis ( biological warfare ) for some caterpillar specie . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture point are too high and fungous spores present in the soil , get along in contact with the susceptible works . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leave further up the stubble wilt and die . foliage near groundwork are affected first . The roots will turn black and moulder or let out . This fungus kingdom can be preface by using unsterilized soil premix or contaminated water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their roots , and discard surrounding dirt . Replace with flora that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilise soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plant and make trusted that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms look standardized to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to prosper in well drained grunge . pot : preclude Weeds and Grass
Weeds rob your plants of body of water , nutrients and spark . They can entertain pests and diseases . Before planting , remove smoke either by helping hand or by spraying an weed killer harmonise to label management . Another alternative is to lay plastic over the orbit for a pair of month to kill grass and mourning band .
You may apply a pre - emerging herbicide prior to planting , but be certain that it is labeled for the plants you are like to spring up . Existing layer may be dapple spray with a nonselective herbicide , but be deliberate to shield those plant life you do not desire to kill . Non - selective means that it will stamp out everything it come in inter-group communication with .
Mulch plants with a 3 inch stratum of pinestraw , pulverized barque , or compost . Mulch economize wet , keeps Mary Jane down , and makes it easier to pull when necessary .
Porous landscape painting or undecided weave fabric works too , allowing air and water to be commute . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bugs , that can be a trouble on a wide-cut variety of plant - indoor and outdoor . Young scales creep until they find a good feeding web site . The grownup female then lose their legs and remain on a spot protected by its voiceless casing level . They appear as bumps , often on the downhearted sides of leaves . They have pierce mouthpiece parts that suck the sap out of industrial plant tissue paper . Scales can weaken a industrial plant leading to icteric foliage and foliage drop . They also produce a angelic centre called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to hold . Isolate infested plants away from those that are not overrun . confer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . advance natural enemies such as parasitical WASP in the garden .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam concern to as a arenaceous loam ( give birth more sand , yet still plenitude of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the clay , yet viable with unspoiled drain . ) The addition of constituent matter to either sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not indisputable if your soil is a sand , clay , or loam ? Try this simple trial . Squeeze a handfull of slightly moist , not lactating , soil in your script . If it form a tight ball and does not fall apart when gently tapped with a finger , your soil is more than likely mud . If soil does not form a musket ball or crumbles before it is pink , it is sand to very sandy loam . If dirt forms a musket ball , then fall apart readily when lightly tapped , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a Lucius DuBignon Clay loam . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not inhabit and do not replicate on their own . They must rely on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly interrupt the cellular phone ’s functionality , outbound sign of a viral infection solution in a plant disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrawny outgrowth , damage fruit , discolouration or spot .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant eating louse spread viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by septic pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . Modern plants should be see , as well as tools and existing plants . expend only certified seed that is deemed disease - barren . works only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby go around crop , not planting closely touch plants in the same expanse every year . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stems contain numerous buds that will grow and renew a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three basic types of bud : final , lateral and dormant . Terminal buds are at the tip of twig or branches . They arise to make the outgrowth or twig longer . In some cases they may give raise to a flower . If you reduce the tip of a ramification and bump off the terminal bud , this will encourage the lateral bud to arise into side branch leave in a thicker , shaggy-haired plant . Lateral bud are lower down on the twig and are often at the point of leafage attachment . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , resulting in a longsighted , tenuous branch . Dormant buds may remain inactive in the bark or stem and will only raise after the flora is cut back . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth begin with a sodding plant food . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred prison term to prune this plant .
