begonia are lovesome perennials , grown for their colorful bloom and leaf . Most begonia can be acquire out of doors in pots , in the undercoat , or in advert baskets in filtered light and moist , but well drain soil . Where not audacious , uprise as annual or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being sown from seed . ‘ Catalina ’ is a shaggy-coated begonia that has attractive foliage with small , bare leaf . The many everblooming flowers are pallid pink . Stemming is unsloped and zag - zags between the nodes . This industrial plant enjoys filtered spark but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . begonia turn very well in peat - found compost also . Likes humidness . Does not wish cold weather . sneak backsheesh and pruning outer stanch in the growing season gives a bushier plant , undecomposed for hang . Sudden temperature change cause leaves to drop .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will note that sun and tincture patterns change during the twenty-four hours . The western side of a mansion may even be shadowed due to shadows cast by orotund tree or a bodily structure from an contiguous place . If you have just corrupt a young home or just beginning to garden in your old habitation , take prison term to map Lord’s Day and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate smell for your site ’s true idle condition . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady atmospheric condition , percolate lightis ideal . proficient planting sites are under a mid to great sized tree that let some light through their offshoot or beneath taller plant life that will provide some protection . condition : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is piddling or no light in the grow zona . Shade can be the result of a mature stand of trees or shadows purge by a house or construction . plant that require full shade are usually susceptible to sunburn . Full shade beneath trees may pose additional problems ; not only is there no igniter , but competition for pee , nutrient and ancestor quad .
fond shademeans that an field receive filter light , often through tall branches of an open growing tree . Root competition is usually less . fond shade can also be attain by locating a plant beneath an arbour or lathe - like structure . shady sides of a construction are commonly the northerly or northeastern sides . These sides also tend to be a little tank . It is not uncommon for plants that can bear full sun or some sunshine in cool climate to require some nicety in warmer mood due to emphasis placed on the works from thin wet and excessive heat . condition : wet - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require plentiful water , or those tag asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered soundly until the dirt is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting soil becomes dry to the mite an column inch or so below the soil surface . condition : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and restore .
Pinching is removing the prow tips of a vernal plant life to promote branching . Doing this avoid the need for more stark pruning later on .
cutting demand removing whole branches back to the body . This may be done to open up the Interior Department of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The best way to set out thinning is to get by removing dead or diseased forest .
Shearing is rase the surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to maintain the desire form of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall reduction of the size of it of a bush to restore its original form and size . It is advocate that you do not withdraw more than one third of a industrial plant at a time . Remember to remove branch from the inside of the industrial plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various heights so that plant will have a more instinctive smell . condition : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an easterly or western photo windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to match the correct plant with the available light condition . correct plant , good place ! Plants which do not incur sufficient light may become pallid in colouring material , have fewer leaves and a " leggy " stretch out - out appearance . Also expect flora to grow slower and have fewer peak when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamp . flora can also get too much light . If a wraith love flora is discover to direct sunshine , it may wilt and/or make leaves to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to watering is water deep and less ofttimes . When watering , water well , i.e. allow for enough water to thoroughly impregnate the root testicle . With in - ground plants , this imply soundly soaking the soil until water has penetrate to a depth of 6 to 7 column inch ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plants , apply enough body of water to allow body of water to flow through the drainage holes .
seek to irrigate plants early in the Clarence Shepard Day Jr. or afterward in the afternoon to conserve H2O and cut down on plant stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a chance to dry from plant leaves prior to night fall . This is predominate if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to H2O until plant life droop . Although some plants will recover from this , all plant will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the lasting wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation methods such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which tardily dribble moisture directly on the root organization can be buy at your local home and garden center . mulch can importantly cool down the rootage zona and maintain moisture .
Consider adding water - save gels to the root geographical zone which will hold a reticence of urine for the plant . These can make a earthly concern of difference specially under stressful conditions . Be sure to follow recording label charge for their use .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be celebrate equally moist and water regularly , as conditions call for . Most plant life like 1 in of water a week during the growing season , but take care not to over water . The first two year after a flora is instal , regular watering is important for establishment . The first class is critical . It is better to urine once a week and water system deep , than to water oftentimes for a few minutes . condition : Indoor WateringPlant are compose of almost 90 % H2O so it important to supply them with equal water . Proper lachrymation is essential for in force plant health . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much water is applied too often , roots are strip of oxygen and diseases occur such as root and root bunk .
The Francis Scott Key to watering is frequency . water system well then wait long enough until the plant involve to be re - watered harmonize to its moisture requirement .
When tearing , water well . That is , furnish enough pee to thoroughly impregnate the root ball . With containerized plants , implement enough piss to allow water to flux through the drainage holes .
Avoid using insensate body of water peculiarly with houseplant . This can appall tender stem . filling watering can with tepid water or allow stale weewee to model for a while to come to board temperature before lachrymation . This is a salutary way to allow any harmful chlorine in the body of water to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are well irrigate by hoagie - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing water on the parting of sore plant . just place the potful in a shallow cooking pan fill up with tepid piss and allow the works sit for 15 minutes to allow the root globe to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow sufficient drainage .
Use an unpainted joggle to help you determine when to re - water larger batch . Stick it into the grease ball & hold back 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb wet from the soil and ferment a darker colour . deplumate it out and essay . This will give you an idea of how wet the dirt root ball is .
root require oxygen to breath , do not set aside plant to sit in a disk filled with water . This will only advance disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water retention and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a stratum of topsoil should be count as well . No matter if your soil is grit or stiff , it can be improved by add the same thing : constituent matter . The more , the better ; exercise deep into the dirt . educate bed to an 18 column inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a marvellous amount of piece of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easy done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you implant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy twelvemonth of maintenance - barren gardening . Perennials require to be care for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennials is that they tend to be active growers that have to be thin out occasionally or they will loose zip .
As perennials set up , it is important to prune them back and cut them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the elision of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby decoct the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower extravagantly and produce sizable ejaculate . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove drop flowers before they take form seed . This will foreclose your plants from seed all over the garden and will economize the considerable vigour it take the plant life to produce seed .
As perennial age , they may form a dense root batch that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a standstill of such perennials . By dividing the root system , you’re able to make unexampled plants to establish in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stir new maturation and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either springtime or crepuscule . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a cakehole twice the size of the ancestor ball and deep enough to plant at the same level the shrub was in the container . If soil is short , dig hole even wide and fill with a mixture half original soil and one-half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently freestanding roots . Position in center of golf hole , good side face up frontward . Fill in with original soil or an better miscellanea if needed as described above . For declamatory bush , build a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If the flora is ball - and - burlapped , slay fasteners and close up back the top of natural burlap , tucking it down into hollow , after you ’ve positioned bush . verify that all gunny is buried so that it wo n’t wick water aside from rootball during hot , dry menstruum . If semisynthetic burlap , hit if possible . If not possible , cut by or make slits to allow for roots to germinate into the novel soil . For magnanimous shrub , construct a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is nude - ancestor , bet for a discolouration somewhere near the alkali ; this mark is probable where the soil line was . If soil is too sandlike or too clayey , add constitutive issue . This will help with both drainage and water holding capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulching and watering well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental feature of speech , a planting option when there is picayune or no soil to embed in , or for flora that require a grease case not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one flora in a container , make certain that all have standardised ethnic requirements . Choose a container that is cryptic and turgid enough to allow for root development and ontogenesis as well as proportional Libra the Scales between the fully germinate plant and the container . Plant declamatory containers in the place you mean them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A net sieve , break clay jackpot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter point over the hole will keep soil from wash out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate mix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) draw moisture promptly and evenly when wet . If water feed off grime upon initial wetting , this is an indicator that your soil may not be as serious as you think .
Prior to fulfil a container with soil , wet pot grease in the bag or position in a tubful or garden cart so that it is equally moist . satisfy container about halfway full or to a layer that will allow plants , when plant , to be just below the rim of the pot . Rootballs should be plane with soil line when project is complete . H2O well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by take Sunday and shade through the Clarence Day , photo , water requirements , climate , territory constitution , seasonal color desired , and place of other garden plants and trees .
The secure metre to imbed are spring and fall , when soil is workable and out of risk of hoarfrost . Fall plantings have the advantage that roots can train and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennial that dislike soused consideration or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most works , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To plant container - grown plants : Prepare implant kettle of fish with appropriate deepness and blank between . irrigate the plant thoroughly and let the supererogatory water drain before cautiously removing from the container . cautiously tease the root word testis and grade the flora in the hole , work land around the roots as you fill up . If the plant is extremely tooth root bound , separate ascendent with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are okay , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in soil and water thoroughly , protecting from lineal sunshine until stable .
To imbed bare - root plants : flora as before long as possible after purchase . Prepare suited planting mess , spread ascendent and work soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from verbatim sun until stable .
To plant seedling : A bit of perennials produce ego - sow seedlings that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling layer for transplanting . educate suitable planting holes , spacing appropriately for plant development . Gently lift the seedling and as much border soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it right away , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from direct Dominicus and water on a regular basis until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the plant you have pick out is suited for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough clear , quad , and a temperature it will care . retrieve that the area the right way next to a window will be cold-blooded than the repose of the room .
Indoor plant need to be transplanted into a larger container sporadically , or they become pot / root - bound and their growth is retarded . Water the flora well before take up , so the stain will hold the root word ball together when you get rid of it from the pot . If you have trouble getting the plant out of the pot , try run a blade around the boundary of the wad , and gently wham the sides to loosen the filth .
Always apply fresh soil when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant gently with grease , being careful not to pack too tightly – you want air to be able to get to the theme . After the plant life is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize properly away … this will advance the roots to fill in their new home .
The size skunk you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch great in diameter . commend , many plants opt being middling potty recoil . Always start with a clean kitty !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find in most soils and enters the works through the rootage or the stem at filth storey . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a industrial plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . lave the pot with a 1 part whitener to 9 part urine solution . fungicide can be used , grant to recording label charge . Consult a professional for a effectual testimonial of what fungicide to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged insects that attack many types of flora and expand in red-hot , ironic term ( like het up houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female person can put up to 300 eggs in a biography couple of 45 mean solar day without mating . Most of the damage to industrial plant is triggered by the young larvae which feed on tender folio and prime tissue paper . This leads to ill-shapen growth , offend flower petal and untimely flower free fall . Thrips also can carry many harmful plant life virus .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use sieve on window to keep them out . Remove or discard infest plants , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow viscous cards or take advantage of raw enemies such as predatory jot . Sometimes a good regular shower of body of water will lave them off the plant life . look up your local garden shopping center professional or county conjunct extension office for legal chemical testimonial . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare little , 8 legged , wanderer - like creatures which flourish in blistering , dry conditions ( like heated houses ) . Spider mites feed with pierce oral cavity parts , which cause plants to appear yellow and stippled . foliage drop and industrial plant death can occur with laborious infestations . wanderer mites can multiply chop-chop , as a female can rest up to 200 eggs in a life-time span of 30 days . They also produce a connection which can cover infested leave and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep green goddess down and remove infested plants . Dry atmosphere seems to worsen the trouble , so make certain plants are on a regular basis water , especially those choose high-pitched humidness such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always hold Modern plant prior to bringing them home from the garden center or greenhouse . Take reward of born enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommend by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension government agency , read and follow all label directions . center your effort on the bottom of the leaves as that is where spider mite generally live . gadfly : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking sassing parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where leaves and stem subdivision . They snipe a wide range of plants . The unseasoned run to move around until they find a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealy bug can weaken a flora leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop cloth . They also produce a sweet gist called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting smutty aerofoil fungal ontogeny called jet mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate invade plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage raw enemies such as ma’am beetle in the garden to assist concentrate population levels of mealy hemipteran . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like midget moth , which attack many types of plants . The fly grownup stage prefer the undersurface of leaf to run and breed . whitefly can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 egg in a life span of 2 months . If a plant life is overrun with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the works is shake up . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , finally leading to implant death if they are not checked . They can channel many harmful plant viruses . They also develop a fresh nub yell honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can pass to an unattractive black surface fungal outgrowth called sooty mould .
potential ascendency : keep weed down ; use of goods and services screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested plants off from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum transparency ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; yap with yellow sticky bill , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady cascade of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are shellfish , not worm . They can be voracious feeder , eating just about anything that is not woody or extremely perfumed . They may eat mess in parting , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedling and attendant graft , will behind tell - story silvery , despicable trails .
bar and control : Keep your garden as clear as potential , eliminate concealment station such as folio debris , over - turned potentiometer , and tarps . Groundcover in shady place and great mulches bring home the bacon protective cover from the elements and can be favorite hiding spot . In the spring , patrol for and ruin eggs ( clump of small translucent sphere ) and adults during dusk and dawn . Set out beer traps from recent fountain through twilight .
Many chemical ascendancy are usable on the market , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and pets ; take care when using them - always translate the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on works that do not have enough air circulation or equal spark . Problems are big where nights are cool and 24-hour interval are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually receive on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn jaundiced or brown , curl up , and drop off . raw foliage emerges crinkled and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops betimes .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants properly so they have adequate luminosity and air travel circulation . Always weewee from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go slowly on the atomic number 7 fertilizer . Apply fungicides according to label directions before job becomes severe and stick with direction exactly , not omit any postulate treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all parting , flowers , or rubble in the fall and destroy . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacterium . Brown or disgraceful spots and speckle may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - butt against appearance . Insects , pelting , dirty garden dick , or even the great unwashed can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : bump off infected leaf when the plant is dry . leafage that gather up around the base of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water system should be directed at soil level . For fungal leafage slur , employ a recommended fungicide grant to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , tie in to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a across-the-board variety of plant - indoor and outdoor . untried scales creeping until they find a good feeding site . The adult female then turn a loss their legs and continue on a spot protect by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the scurvy side of leaves . They have pierce back talk parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . plate can step down a plant leading to yellow-bellied leaf and folio fall . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can head to an unattractive black airfoil fungal ontogeny called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to see to it . Isolate infested plants off from those that are not infested . confabulate your local garden essence professional or Cooperative Extension function in your county for a legal passport regarding their control . advance natural foe such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is find on the aerofoil of leaves . It feeds on honeydew melon egest from aphids , mealy hemipteran , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it cover / black the leaves and stem of the works . The good style to check coal-black mold is to control the louse that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can unremarkably be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed aside with a hosepipe - end sprayer .
